What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease or ischaemic heart disease, is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. This restricts blood flow to the heart, potentially leading to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and other severe complications. Early detection and treatment are crucial to managing CAD effectively.
CAD Statistics in Singapore
According to the Ministry of Health and the Singapore Heart Foundation:
- Cardiovascular disease accounted for 30.9% of all deaths in 2023.
- 23 people die daily from heart disease and stroke in Singapore.
- 19.7% of deaths in Singapore in 2023 were attributed to CAD.
- More men than women succumb to CAD-related complications.
Causes & Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease
CAD is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits (plaque) accumulate in the coronary arteries. Risk factors include:
- Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, obesity.
- Medical Conditions: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes.
- Genetic Factors: Family history of heart disease.
- Age & Gender: Higher risk for men over 45 and women over 55.
Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease
Symptoms may not be noticeable initially but worsen as the condition progresses. Common signs include:
- Chest pain (angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Heart attack symptoms: Chest discomfort, pain radiating to the arms, jaw, back, cold sweat, nausea, dizziness
Screening & Diagnosis Costs in Singapore
Early detection is vital for managing CAD. The cost of common diagnostic tests in Singapore’s private healthcare sector includes:
| Screening Test | Estimated Cost (SGD) |
|---|---|
| Electrocardiogram (ECG) | S$100 – S$200 |
| Stress Test | S$300 – S$500 |
| Echocardiogram | S$500 – S$1,000 |
| CT Calcium Score | S$300 – S$400 |
| CT Coronary Angiography | S$1,000 – S$1,200 |
| Blood Tests | Varies based on the type and number of tests |
Coronary Artery Disease Treatment Options & Costs
CAD treatment depends on the severity and may include lifestyle changes, medications, and surgical interventions.
Medications for Coronary Artery Disease
Common medications and their purposes:
- Antiplatelet Agents (e.g., Aspirin): Prevent blood clots.
- Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs (Statins): Reduce cholesterol levels.
- Blood Pressure Medications: Help manage hypertension.
- Beta-Blockers: Reduce heart workload.
- Nitrates & Calcium Channel Blockers: Improve blood flow.
Surgical Procedures & Costs in Singapore
| Treatment | Estimated Cost (SGD) |
| Angioplasty & Stenting | S$40,000 – S$60,000 |
| Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) | S$30,000 – S$50,000 |
Prevention & Lifestyle Management
Reducing CAD risk involves adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle:
- Quit Smoking: Smoking cessation significantly lowers CAD risk.
- Healthy Diet: Limit saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol.
- Regular Exercise: Engage in moderate exercise like brisk walking.
- Weight Management: Maintain a healthy BMI.
- Manage Chronic Conditions: Keep diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol in check.
Conclusion
Coronary Artery Disease is a serious yet manageable condition. Understanding the costs, symptoms, and treatment options in Singapore can help individuals make informed healthcare decisions. If you experience symptoms or have risk factors, consult a doctor for early screening and treatment.
FAQs
1. Why is Coronary Artery Disease considered a silent killer?
Many individuals do not experience symptoms until a heart attack occurs, making early screening essential.
2. How is CAD diagnosed?
Through ECG, stress tests, echocardiograms, CT scans, and blood tests.
3. Is CAD treatment covered by insurance in Singapore?
Coverage varies by provider; check with your insurer regarding MediSave and private insurance options.
4. What are the survival rates for CAD patients in Singapore?
Survival rates depend on early detection and effective management. Timely treatment significantly improves outcomes.
5. Can lifestyle changes reverse CAD?
While lifestyle changes can’t completely reverse CAD, they can slow its progression and reduce complications.
Disclaimer: 365Asia aims to provide accurate and up-to-date information, our contents do not constitute medical or any professional advice. If medical advice is required, please consult a licensed healthcare professional.